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NASA开始测试火星样本返回任务的防护罩_我的网站

A |     The prevailing theory among scientists is that around 4.5 billion years ago when the Earth was still forming and was covered in molten lava, it was struck by an object thought to be roughly the size of Mars known as Theia.,It is believed that Theia was destroyed in the process and Earth lost a significant portion of its mass. The gravitational pull of the remains of Earth then held debris from the event in its orbit which quickly, perhaps in less than 100 years, formed into the Moon.,Now, thanks to new research coming from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, we have more evidence to back that up. Patrizia Will led a group of researchers in studying six lunar meteorites discovered in Antarctica in the early 2000s.,Science & TechBeat the Heat By Traveling to the Moon, Scientists Discover Pits That Stay 63 ℉ All Year27 July, 21:42 GMT,Inside she found small glass beads containing helium and neon that were formed during volcanic eruptions during the Moon’s early life. These gases are called noble gases because of their relatively low volatility. They are believed to have originated from Earth, inherited when the Moon was created in the aforementioned massive impact.,Scientists believe that because of the amount found in moon rocks and lunar meteorites, they must have come from Earth. The theory is that after the great collision, noble gases floated around Earth while superheated to thousands of degrees. The Moon formed at the same time and much of the noble gases settled in and on the Moon.,Had the gases come from elsewhere, like dust traveling on solar winds, scientists would expect there to be far less of it.,Despite their relative abundance, they're still fairly rare, and no study had been able to prove the existence of the gases in lunar meteorites before.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT,Will was able to do so by weighing individual molecules to determine the makeup of chemical substances using an advanced mass spectrometer from the Noble Gas Laboratory at ETH Zurich.,Scientists are also trying to figure out how the noble gases got to Earth in the first place. There are two prevailing theories: that they were delivered here by comets and meteorites, or that they were present in a nebula cloud when the Sun was still young, and while Earth was forming, it pulled them in.,The plan is to look for other noble gases like krypton and xenon. If they are found on lunar meteorites and similar instances of the gases are found in other meteorites, then that would suggest that Earth likely got its noble gases from collisions early in its life. If not, that would lend more weight to the nebula theory.,The study’s authors say they found some evidence of krypton and xenon on the lunar meteorites, but more research will be required to confirm that.。    NASA一个设计防护罩的团队，正在保护美国宇航局的火星入地系统免受微陨石和空间碎片的影响。为了测试团队的防护罩和计算机模型，NASA一个实验室旨在安全地重现危险的撞击。这个位于新墨西哥州拉斯克鲁斯NASA白沙测试设施的远程超高速测试实验室远离居民，被沙丘包围，为从航天飞机到阿尔特弥斯的每一个人类航天项目提供支持。

B | 该实验室还支持国际空间站（ISS）、商业乘员和商业补给项目的测试。
实验室使用2级光气枪将物体加速到每秒27500英尺（18750英里/小时）的速度，模拟微陨石和轨道碎片对航天器的影响。第一级使用火药作为推进剂，就像标准枪支那样。第二级使用高度压缩的氢气，将气体推入一个较小的管子，增加枪内的压力，就像汽车的活塞。火炮的压力变得如此之高，以至于如果它爆炸的话，会把建筑物夷为平地。工程师们花了三天时间为一个只持续一秒钟的实验做准备。他们使用了实验室的中型高压（50口径范围）2级轻气枪，以每秒16000至22000英尺（11000至15000英里/小时）的速度发射小弹丸。以这种速度，你可以在5分钟内从旧金山到纽约。虽然小球的速度快得令人难以置信，但微陨石在太空中的速度实际上是六到七倍。因此，该团队依靠计算机模型来模拟微陨石的实际速度。较慢的速度将测试计算机模型模拟对其防护罩设计的影响，并允许研究小组研究材料对这种能量的反应。火星样本返回是一项多任务活动，旨在将NASA"毅力"号探测器收集的经过科学选择的岩石和沉积物样本带回地球，将使科学家们能够使用最先进的实验室仪器对其进行研究，这些仪器将在未来十年和未来几十年内存在。这项活动是航天史上最雄心勃勃的努力之一，涉及多个航天器、多次发射和多个政府机构。NASA目前正在设计和开发将火星样品管送回地球的捕获、封闭和返回系统。

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